- ããŒããŒããã¯: 304ããŒãž
- åºç瀟: Oxford Univ Pr; Bilingualç (2008/7/20)
- èšèª: è±èª
- ISBN-10:Â 0194740153
- ISBN-13:Â 978-0194740159
- çºå£²æ¥ïŒÂ 2008/7/20
- ååããã±ãŒãžã®å¯žæ³: 27.7 x 2 x 21.6 cm
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4ãMy Exponentsã䜿ããŸãããã
My Exponentsã䜿ã£ãŠæžãããšã§ãããæ£ç¢ºãªæ¥èšã«ãªããŸããMy Exponentsã ãã䜿ã£ãŠæžããšããã€ã³ãããã€ãã¹ãããã®ã§ãèªåã§èããæãå ¥ããŸãããã
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ããŒã ããŒãžã«è¯ãæ¥èšã®æžãæ¹ããããŸããã²ããããã¢ããã€ã¹ãå¿ èŠãªæã¯ãhttp://www.ep-kids.com/mydiary/ãåç §ããŠãã ããã
ééãããšã¯ããããšãªã®ã§ãïŒå®ç§ãªæãäœãããšãæèããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ°ããåèªããã¿ãŒã³ã䜿ã£ãŠæžããšãåºç€ãã¿ãŒã³ã®ã¿ã§æžããã楜ããæ¥èšã«ãªããŸãã
ééã£ãããæ¯ãè¿ããããŸãããïŒããŒã¯ãããæ¥èšããã£ãããšèŠçŽããŸããããããŒãã³ã°ã³ãŒããèŠãªããééãçŽããããŸãããã
ééããå ±æããŸãããïŒééãããšã§ææ³ã®ç解ãæ·±ãŸããŸããã©ããã©ãééã£ãŠããããã©ãçŽãããããã®ãåãããªããšãã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã¡ã€ããã家æãè¬åž«ãšäžç·ã«ééããæ£ããŸãããã
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Using your bookley homework (Activity 3) to boost your diary scores.
If you are struggling for ideas to use in your Diary, you can use âMy Exponentsâ.
âMy Exponentsâ introduces a series of patterns which can be used in the diary with substitution. To complete the exercise, link the English to the Japanese.
This might seem difficult at first, but look for words within the pattern that you can match with the Japanese words. Adverbs, adjectives and nouns are good for matching this way, verbs are more difficult to match as many common verbs in English are irregular and so are more difficult to recognise/look up in their conjugated forms.
Here weâve matched âveryâ to ããšãŠãã â and linked the two patterns: And you can then work out that the corresponding patterns are âToday it is very (hot)â = ä»æ¥ã¯ãšãŠãããã€ãã â the replacement words should be covered in the quizlet. You can also change the substitution â we know it is an adjective ã圢ãïŒå®¹è©ïŒto âToday it is very cold.â = ä»æ¥ã¯ãšãŠãããã and so on. And so on, here weâve matched âtomorrowâ to ãææ¥ã to make a pattern: Tomorrow I am going to go to (Tokyo) = ææ¥ç§ã¯ããšããããããžè¡ã
But we can replace Tokyo with any other similar noun (i.e. a place name) such as Nara Park, Kyoto, school, etc.
Meaning words.
There are four main types of meaning words in English: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. These carry most of the meaning in a sentence.
âMy Exponentsâã«ã¯æ¥èšã«äœ¿ãããããããªãã¿ãŒã³ããããŸãããã®ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ãŒã¯ãæ£ããè±èªãšæ¥æ¬èªãç·ã§çµã¶ç·Žç¿ãããŸããå§ãã¯å°ãé£ããã§ãããå¯è©ã圢容è©ãåè©ã®å Žåã¯ãããããã®è±åèªã«åãæ¥æ¬èªãã¿ã€ããããšã§ç°¡åã«çµã³ã€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
åè©ã¯äžèŠåã«å€åããããšãå€ãã掻çšåœ¢ãèŠåããªããšãããŸããã®ã§ãå°ãé£æ床ãããããŸãã 泚æïŒâMy Exponentsâã ãã䜿ãæ¥èšãæžããšãèå³ãšåµé æ§ã®è©äŸ¡ãäžãããŸãã®ã§ãæ¢ã«ç¥ã£ãŠãããã¿ãŒã³ã䜿ããŸãããã
âveryâã«åãæ¥æ¬èªããšãŠãããã¿ã€ãç·ã§çµã³ãŸããã ãããããšãâToday, it is very (hot)â = ãä»æ¥ã¯ãšãŠãïŒãã€ãïŒãã®ããã«è§£çããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãâToday, it is very coldâ = ãä»æ¥ã¯ãšãŠãããããã®ããã«ãã圢ãã®åèªãå€ããããšã«ãããéãæç« ãäœãããšãã§ããŸããä»ã®åèªã¯Quizletã䜿ãåŠç¿ã§ããŸãã
âtomorrowâã«åãæ¥æ¬èªãææ¥ããã¿ã€ãç·ã§çµã³ãŸããã ãããããšãâTomorrow I am going to go to (Tokyo)â = ãææ¥ç§ã¯ïŒãšããããïŒãžè¡ããã®ããã«è§£çããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããæ±äº¬ãã䌌ããããªåè©ïŒå Žæãè¡šãåè©ïŒäŸãã°ãNara Park, Kyoto, schoolãªã©ïŒã«å€ããããšã§ãéãæãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã
Meaning words æå³ãæã€åèªïŒæå³ã®ããåèªã¯4ã€ã®çš®é¡ã«åé¡ã§ããŸãïŒåè©ãåè©ã圢容è©ãå¯è© ãã®4ã€ã®çš®é¡ãæç« ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®æå³ãè¡šããŸãã
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs.
NounsïŒåè©ããããïŒ
A word that names a person, place, thing, quality, activity or an idea. A word that acts as a subject or object for a verb.
人ç©ãå Žæãç©äºã質ãè¡çºãŸãã¯èããè¡šãåèª
Examples:
book â æ¬
boy â ç·ã®å
sun â 倪éœ
happiness â 幞é
VerbsïŒåè©ãã©ããïŒ
A word that describes an action, state, condition or experience.
è¡çºãç¶æ ãæ§åãŸãã¯çµéšãªã©ãè¡šãåèª
Examples:
run â èµ°ã
think â èãã
cry â æ³£ã
admit â ã¿ãšãã
VerbsïŒåœ¢å®¹è©ããããããïŒ
A word that describes an action, state, condition or experience.
è¡çºãç¶æ ãæ§åãŸãã¯çµéšãªã©ãè¡šãåèª
Examples:
expensive â å€æ®µãé«ã
blue â éã
boring â ã€ãŸããªã
dark â æã
VerbsïŒå¯è©ããµããïŒ
modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb indicating degree / way
åè©ã圢容è©ãŸãã¯åºŠåããæ¹æ³ãè¡šãå¯è©ãå€åããã
Examples:
quickly â éã
fast â éã
gently â åªãã
suddenly â æ¥ã«
Prepositions, Determiners, Pronouns, Conjunctions.
PrepositionsïŒå眮è©ãããã¡ãïŒ
Used before nouns & pronouns to express?a spatial, temporal, or other relationship.
åè©ã代åè©ã®åã§äœ¿ããå ŽæãæéãŸãã¯ãã®ä»ã®é¢é£æ§ãè¡šãã
Examples:
in
to
into
at
from
over
about
DeterminersïŒéå®è©ããããŠããïŒ
A word used before a noun to help the listener understand which noun is being referred to.
åè©ã®åã§äœ¿ããã©ã®åè©ã«ã€ããŠèšåããã®ãèãæãç解ããã®ãå©ããèªã
Examples:
that
the
both
every
my
PronounsïŒä»£åè©ãã ããããïŒ
A word used to help the speaker avoid needing to say the noun in full again.
話ãæãåãåè©ãããäžåºŠå®å šã«èšãå¿ èŠããªããããã«äœ¿ãããåèªã
Examples:
she
it
we
they
ConjunctionsïŒæ¥ç¶è©ããã€ãããïŒ
A word used to join words or clauses together and show the relationship between them.
è€æ°ã®åèªãç¯ãã€ãªãããããã®é¢é£æ§ãè¡šãåèªã
Examples:
and
but
so
even though
For other YLE Downloads visit
çåŸãããããããèŠãã®èŸæžãæããŠãã ãããããšèãããäºããããããããŸãã
YLESMFã®ã³ãŒã¹ã®ææã¯åèªãå¢ããé£ããåèªãå¢ããŠããŸãã®ã§èŸæžã䜿çšããŠããã ãäºãããããããŠããŸãã
倧人ã®æ¹ãããããŸã«è³ªåãããæ¹ãããã£ããããŸãããä»ã¯æºåž¯ãé²ãã§ããã®ã§å€§äººã®æ¹ã¯æºåž¯ããé»åèŸæžã§èª¿ã¹ãŠããæ¹ãã»ãšãã©ããšæãããŸãã
ä»åã¯ãããããã®ãããºçšã®èŸæž(å°åŠçãŒäžåŠçïŒã倧人çšã®èŸæžãå°ãã玹ä»åºæ¥ãããšæããŸããããããã«é·æããããŸãããå®éã«èŠãããã£ãããã£ãããšæããç©ãããããã§ããåã©ãã¯åŠæ ¡ã§è³Œå ¥ããå Žåãããã®ã§äžæã«èããŸãããã倧人çšã¯ã沢山ããã®ã§å®éã«æ¬å±ããã«è¡ã£ãŠè²ã æã«ãšã£ãŠã¿ãŠãããããšæããŸããé»åèŸæžã¯ãããžãã¹ã®å Žé¢ã§ã掻èºã§ãããšæããŸãããä»ã®æ代ãã¯ãæºåž¯ã楜ã§ã¯ãªãããšæããŸãã
A new edition of the popular picture dictionary, available in 13 bilingual editions that meet the language needs of young adult and adult students around the world.
Jayme Adelson-Goldstein is an ESL teacher-trainer and curriculum consultant. She is the series director of Step Forward, series editor of Read and Reflect, author of Listen First, and the co-author of numerous ESL texts, including The Oxford Picture Dictionary. Jayme gives workshops on vocabulary development, focused listening, multi-level instruction and communicative teaching techniques throughout the United States.
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Both online dictionaries and paper dictionaries have advantages. ãªã³ã©ã€ã³èŸæžã«ããå°å·ãããèŸæžã«ããããããè¯ãç¹ããããŸãã
Paper dictionaries can be useful because:
å°å·ãããèŸæžã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¹ã§äŸ¿å©ã§ããYou can use them anywhere.
æã¡æ©ããŠäœ¿ããŸããThey are made by professional companies who you can trust.
ä¿¡çšã®ãããåºç瀟ãçºè¡ããŠããŸããThey are cheap.
ããã»ã©é«ãã¯ãããŸãããThey often show the most common translation in bold/a different colour.
ããã€ããããè¡šçŸã倪åã«ãªã£ãŠãããªã©ããããããã工倫ããããŸãã
But paper dictionaries arenât always useful because:
å°å·ãããèŸæžã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¹ã§äžäŸ¿ã§ããThey donât include as many example sentences.
çšäŸãããã»ã©èŒã£ãŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããYou need to carry them around â they can be bulky or heavy.
ã¶åããŠéããŠæã¡æ©ãã®ã倧å€ã§ããVery cheap paper dictionaries â Daiso dictionaries for example â donât have enough words.
ããå®äŸ¡ãªãã®ããããŸãããå®ããã®ã¯èª¿ã¹ããåèªãèŒã£ãŠããªãããšããããŸãã
Online dictionaries can be useful because:
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã®èŸæžã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¹ã§äŸ¿å©ã§ããYou can access an online dictionary from anywhere.
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®æ¥ç¶ç°å¢ãããå Žæãªãã©ãã§ã䜿ããŸããThey are usually free (with some advertising)
åºååå ¥ã§æãç«ã£ãŠãããªã©ã®çç±ãããå©çšã¯ãããŠãç¡æã§ããThey usually include information on set phrases as well as words.
åèªã®ã¿ãªããé£èªã調ã¹ãããŸããItâs easy to look up words.
調ã¹ãã®ãç°¡åã§ããYou can see how words are used in real sentences, even for rare words.
ããŸãäžè¬çã§ãªãåèªã§ãçšäŸãèŒã£ãŠããŸããEven if you spell a word wrongly, sometimes they understand what word you want.
åèªã®ç¶ŽããééããŠæ€çŽ¢ããŠããè¯ã䌌ãåè£ãåºãŠæ¥ãŠéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸãã
But online dictionaries arenât always so useful because:
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³èŸæžã¯ä»¥äžã®ç¹ã§äžäŸ¿ã§ããThey donât always display as much information as paper dictionaries â for example, they donât usually display pronunciation by default.
åºæ¬æ å ±ã¯å°å·ãããèŸæžã®æ¹ã詳ããåºãŠããŸãã-æå³ã¯åºãŠããããçºé³èšå·ã¯åºãŠããªããªã©ãYou need a computer.
ããœã³ã³ããªããšèª¿ã¹ãããŸãããYou canât bring a computer into a classroom.
ããšãã£ãŠãèªåã®ããœã³ã³ãã¬ãã¹ã³ã«æã¡èŸŒãããšã¯ã§ããŸãããThere can be too much information sometimes.
æ å ±ãå€ãåºãŠããããããšããããŸããNot all online dictionaries are good. Some are not very useful, or have misleading translations.
è¯ãèŸæžãšãããã§ãªãèŸæžã®å·®ãæ¿ããã§ããElectronic dictionaries are like paper dictionaries, but:
é»åèŸæžã¯ãå 容ã¯ãå°å·ãããèŸæžãšåãã§ããããã以äžã®ç¹ãéããŸããIt is quicker to look up words using an electronic dictionary.
é»åèŸæžã®æ¹ã調ã¹ãã®ãæ©ãã§ããPaper dictionaries are much cheaper.
å°å·ãããèŸæžã®æ¹ãå®äŸ¡ã§ããElectronic dictionaries can become a crutch, because they donât require a lot of effort to use.
é»åèŸæžã¯èª¿ã¹ãã®ãæ軜ãšããç¹ã§ã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸããJust like paper dictionaries, not all electronic dictionaries are equally useful. Some have a lot of useful features and are well designed, while others are a waste of money because they donât have enough words or are poorly designed.
å°å·ãããèŸæžãšåãããé»åèŸæžã«ãè¯ãèŸæžãšãããã§ãªãèŸæžããããŸãã
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³èŸæžã®å©çšæ¹æ³
We recommend:
because it has example sentences, and shows how the translation can change depending on the subject/object of the sentence.
ã€ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ããªãŒãºã®ããããã¯ãhttp://www.alc.co.jpã§ããçšäŸãè±å¯ã§æèã«ããæå³ã®éãã調ã¹ãããŸãã
But there are some other good ones around.
ä»ã«ãè¯ãèŸæžã¯ãããŸãã®ã§ãæ¢ããŠã¿ãããã®ãããã§ãããã
Go to the ã¢ã«ã¯ website (www.alc.co.jp â è±èŸé)
ã¢ã«ã¯ã®ãµã€ãã®è±èŸéãšããèŸæžãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
Type your word into the box using English or Japanese (no romaji)
éãæ ã®äžã«èª¿ã¹ããåèªãé£èªãå ¥ããŸãã
è±èªãå ¥ãããšãæ¥æ¬èªèš³ããæ¥æ¬èªãå ¥ãããšè±èªèš³ã調ã¹ãããŸãã
Read the definitions and the example sentences and choose the word you think is closest in meaning.
åºãŠããæå³ãçšäŸãããèŠãŠãæå³ã®åããšæããã®ãéžã³ãŸãããã
For example, in the sentence âI showed my homework to my teacher.â, if we look up the word âshowedâ:
äŸãã°ã âI showed my homework to my teacher.âãšããæã® âshowedâãšããåèªã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãã
we can see that the base word is âshowâ, and if we click on it:
å€å圢:ã®ãšããã«ã âshowâãåºãŠããŸããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
We can see that âshowâ is both a noun and a verb. How do we know which word is correct? We need to look at the words around it. We can see that the ä»åè© (verb) definition number 1:
âshowâã«ã¯åè©ãåè©ã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã¯ããããããããšãããããŸããã©ã¡ããéžã¶ã®ãããã§ããããïŒããããã®çšäŸãããèŠãŠãããšã®æãšæ¯ã¹ãŸãã
ä»åã®æ¬ã®1ãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
has an example sentence very similar to our sentence.
ããšã®æãšè¯ã䌌ãäŸãèŠã€ãããŸããã
Looking at the context (ç©ã), we know that homework is ç© so this seems to be the translation we want.
ç©ãèŠãããšããæèã«æ³šç®ããŸãããã homework ã¯ç©ã§ããããšã¯æããã§ããããšã¯ããšã®æã泚ææ·±ãèŠãŠãæå³ãèããŸãã
In this sentence, show = èŠãã and showed = èŠãã
If your word doesnât show up:
ãããåèªãåºãŠããªãã£ãã
You might have made a spelling mistake, check the spelling and try again.
ã¹ãã«ãééã£ãŠããã®ãããããŸããã確èªããŠãããªãããŠã¿ãŸãããã
You might have used kana instead of kanji, or kanji instead of kana â sometimes alc.co.jp wants one or the other.
æ¥æ¬èªãã調ã¹ããšãã¯ã挢åã§ãªããšåºãŠããªãããšãéã«ã²ãããªã§ãªããšåºãŠããªãããšããããŸãã
If you are searching for a phrase, try searching with fewer words.
é£èªã調ã¹ãŠããŠåºãŠããªãå Žåã¯ãçãããŠã¿ãŸãããã
Look up words in alphabetical order ( a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ).
åèªã¯ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããé ã«äžŠãã§ããŸãã
Apple comes before book. (a- comes before b-)
apple 㯠before bookãããåã«èŒã£ãŠããŸãã (a-㯠b-ããå)
Ant comes before antelope. (ant- is the same, but antelope has extra letters)
ant 㯠before antelopeãããåã«èŒã£ãŠããŸãã (ant-ãŸã§ã¯åãã§ãããantelope ã¯åŸã«ãŸã ã€ã¥ãã®ã§åŸã«èŒããŸãã)
Beautiful comes before bed (be- is the same, a comes before d)
beautiful 㯠bedãããåã«èŒã£ãŠããŸã (be- ãŸã§åãã§ãaã®æ¹ã dãããå
ã«èŒããŸã)
Paper dictionaries often show the most common word in bold, or a different colour. Here the Longman dictionary shows the most common translation in bold red font.
Paper dictionaries give extra information about the word next to the word.
å°å·ãããèŸæžã§ã¯ããã䜿ãæå³ã倪åããã«ã©ãŒã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãå€ãã§ããLongmanã®èŸæžã®äŸãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
Here, âangryâ is followed by the pronunciation code /?Ågri/, the part of speechã圢ãïŒãåœ¢å®¹è© = adjective, and the adjectiveâs comparative/superlative forms (angrier, angriest)
ããã§ã¯ãèŠåºãèªâangryâã®é£ã«ã çºé³èšå·ã®/?Ågri/ãããããåè©ãããã§ã¯åœ¢å®¹è©ã§ããããšãè¡šãã圢ãã®èšå·ããããŠãæ¯èŒçŽãšãæäžçŽã®angrier, angriestã䞊ã³ãŸãã
It also shows some example sentences with prepositions: angry about ~ = ãã®ããšã§æã£ãŠãã
ãangry about ~ = ãã®ããšã§æã£ãŠããããšããçšäŸãèŒã£ãŠããŸãã
and some phrasal verbs: get angry = æã, make sb angry (note: sb = somebody = 誰ã)ãïŒãïŒäººïŒãæããã
æã, make sb angry (note: sb = somebody = 誰ã)ãïŒãïŒäººïŒãæããããšããå¥åè©ãä¹ã£ãŠããŸãã
Paper dictionaries often have guides at the front or back explaining what abbreviations and codes mean: you need to read these guides to use a dictionary to its full potential. These codes and abbreviations will be different from dictionary to dictionary.
å°å·ãããèŸæžã«ã¯ããã®æåãæåŸã®ããŒãžèŸºãã«ãèŸæžã®äžã§äœ¿ãããŠãããçç¥åœ¢ãèšå·ã«ã€ããŠã®èª¬æãèŒã£ãŠããŸãããã®èŸæžã䜿ãããªãã«ã¯ããŸãããã®ããŒãžãè¯ãèªãã§ç解ããå¿ èŠããããŸããçç¥åœ¢ãèšå·ã¯ãèŸæžã«ãã£ãŠéããŸãã
Good luck with using a dictionary. It can be difficult at first, but if you master using a dictionary, your ability to express yourself in English will be aided immensely!
è¯ãèŸæžã«åºäŒã£ãŠããããã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŠãã ãããæåã¯é£ããããç¥ããŸããããèŸæžã䜿ãããªããããã«ãªãã°ãè±èªã®è¡šçŸåãã€ããã®ã«éåžžã«åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã
When your English gets really good, after you go to university or get a job, you should also use a native dictionary (English->English). Native dictionaries are very useful if you can understand them, because no important information is lost in translation.
è±èªãäžéãããã倧åŠãªã©ãåæ¥ããŠå°±è·ããããã«ãªã£ãããè±è±èŸæžã䜿ã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ãããå 容ãåãã£ãŠäœ¿ãããªãããªãããã€ãã£ãŽã¹ããŒã«ãŒåãã®èŸæžã¯ãšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãããªããªããã©ããªè¯ãèŸæžããå¥ã®èšèªã§æå³ãèŒã£ãŠããéãã¯ã翻蚳ã®æ®µéã§ã倧åãªèŠçŽ äŒããã«ãããªã£ãŠããŸãããã§ãã